Is there a pseudo-elementary class, which is not an elementary class itself, of structures which is not basic pseudo-elementary, that is, is not the reduct of a basic elementary class?
2026-04-06 07:41:16.1775461276
Non-basic pseudo-elementary class
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Note that if $\mathbb{K}$ is a basic pseudoelementary class in a finite language, then $Th(\mathbb{K})$ is recursively enumerable: $Th(\mathbb{K})$ consists exactly of those sentences in that language which are provable from $\varphi$ (where $\mathbb{K}$ is the set of reducts of models of $\{\varphi\}$). So any non-recursively enumerable, deductively-closed set of sentences in a finite language provides an elementary class which is not basic pseudoelementary.
For a natural example, we can take $\mathbb{K}$ to be the set of models of true arithmetic.