Normal linear maps over $\mathbb C$

80 Views Asked by At

Prove that if $\alpha: V \to V$ is a normal linear map on a finite-dimensional inner product space $V$ over $\mathbb C$ then $\alpha = \alpha_1 + i\alpha_2$ where $\alpha_1$ and $\alpha_2$ are self-adjoint, and $\alpha_1 \alpha_2 = \alpha_2 \alpha_1$.

Since every normal linear map is diagonalisable this is easy to show by diagonalising the matrix representing $\alpha$, but I have a feeling it can be shown directly from the definition of normal: $\alpha \alpha^* = \alpha^* \alpha$. Unfortunately I cannot see how to do it. A hint would be appreciated.

1

There are 1 best solutions below

0
On BEST ANSWER

If we set

$\alpha_1 = \dfrac{\alpha + \alpha^\ast}{2}, \tag 1$

then evidently

$\alpha_1^\ast = \alpha_1, \tag 2$

i.e., $\alpha_1$ is self-adjoint; likewise, setting

$\alpha_2 = \dfrac{\alpha - \alpha^\ast}{2i}, \tag 3$

we see that

$\alpha_2^\ast = \dfrac{\alpha^\ast - \alpha}{-2i} = \dfrac{\alpha- \alpha^\ast}{2i}; \tag 4$

so $\alpha_2$ is also self-adjoint; also,

$\alpha = \alpha_1 + i \alpha_2, \tag 5$

as is easily seen. Now

$\alpha_1 \alpha_2 = \dfrac{1}{4i}(\alpha + \alpha^\ast)(\alpha - \alpha^\ast) = \dfrac{1}{4i}(\alpha^2 - (\alpha^\ast)^2) = \dfrac{1}{4i}(\alpha - \alpha^\ast)(\alpha + \alpha^\ast) = \alpha_2 \alpha_1, \tag{6}$

where we have used $\alpha \alpha^\ast = \alpha^\ast \alpha$ in performing the algebraic operations of (6). It follows that $\alpha_1$ and $\alpha_2$ meet the stated requirements.

No diagonalization needed!