Let $(X,A,m)$ and $(Y,B,n)$ be two measure spaces, and for every $x\in X$, let $B_x\in B$ have zero measure: $n(B_x)=0$. Is it true that $\cup_{x\in X}(\{x\}\times B_x)$ has zero outer measure w.r.t to the product measure $m\otimes n$ (and is therefore measurable in the Caratheodory sense)? We may assume that the measure spaces are sigma-finite, if necessary.
2026-05-06 02:45:47.1778035547
Null sets w.r.t. product measure
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No. There's a counterexample in Rudin Real and Complex Analysis (example (c) in section 8.9).
The example depends on the Continuum Hypothesis, so one might object that we haven't really shown a counterexample exists, since we don't know that CH is true. But note this:
Proof: It's known that (if ZFC is consistent then) ZFC does not prove not-CH.