Numerical integration of a dataset with method other than the trapezoidal rule

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I have some points and their respective coordinates and I would like to integrate them. However, I don't know the underlying function that produced them. I was wondering if there is a method other than the trapezoidal rule with which I would integrate those data. In case of Gauss quadrature, can these data used as the function's values and then calculate the corresponding weights?

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It depends on how your data are located on a time line. If the data are collected at equidistant increments then you may use Simpson Rule. For the Gauss Method you have no control on weights or nodes so in case of arbitrary data, the trapezoid may be the best option.