Oldest discovered maths notes

Question

What are the oldest discovered mathematics notes ? Which country was it discovered in and by who was it discovered ? What topic/topics did it cover mostly and how has this contributed to modern day mathematics.

Answer 1

There's a Babylonian clay tablet from about 1700 BCE with a square drawn on it—a side of the square is labelled with the Cuneiform for $60$, and the diagonal is labelled with an accurate value of $60 \sqrt2$. (Or alternatively, $1$ and $\sqrt2$ expressed in sixtieths. The numbers are written in base $60$.)

There's also a list of Pythagorean triples, from the same period.

I think both tablets were discovered in what is now Iraq.

I'm sure someone else will come up with something older, though.