What does it mean for one subgroup $A \subset G$ to be divisible by another $B \subset G$?
I think that would also clarify the gcd and lcm of two subgroups for me.
This is a translation from one of the Sitzungsberichte by Frobenius, I don't know if this is modern terminology.
Frobenius introduces in Über endliche Gruppen, 1895 the following terminology for two sets that a part of a larger group:
(He then shows in Thm I, §.I, that $|A B| = |A| |B| / |A \cap B|$.)