Let $G$ be a smooth algebraic group over a field $k$. Then $Aut(G)=\mathbf{G}(k)$, where $\mathbf{G}$ is the trivial right $G$-torsor.
My attempt:
Given a $k$-rational point $\operatorname{Spec}(k) \xrightarrow{g} G$, then one obtains an automorphism of $G$ by composing the structure morphism $G \rightarrow \operatorname{Spec}(k)$ with $g$.
For the other direction I am getting confused, and haven't been able to come up with a decent approach.
Any help please?
That is not true. For example $\textrm{Aut}(SL_2) = PGL_2(k)$. In any linear algebraic group, $\textrm{Inn}(G) \cong (G/Z)(k)$, where $Z$ is the center, and the full automorphism group is an extension of that by it's outer automorphisms.
In view of the edit:
An automorphism or torsors $ \varphi: \mathbf{G} \to \mathbf{G}$ is $G$-equivariant, hence $\varphi(g)=\varphi(e\cdot g)=\varphi(e)\cdot g$ where "$\cdot$" denotes right multiplication. Following the identity element, what can you conclude?