Piecewise differentiable homotopy

318 Views Asked by At

Let $\gamma_0$ and $\gamma_1$ be piecewise differentiable closed curves in an open set $U$ in the plane $\mathbb{C}$. (Of course, you may consider a more general setting if relevant.)

Suppose that there is a continuous deformation (i.e. homotopy) from one curve to the other: that is, there is a family of continuous closed curves $\gamma_s$ ($0 \le s \le 1$) in $U$ such that the two-variable function $\psi(t,s) = \gamma_s(t)$ is continuous.

Does this imply that there is a homotopy where each curve $\gamma_s$ is not merely continuous, but piecewise differentiable?

(The analogous result for regular curves is not true, since regular homotopy must preserve the turning number / total curvature / index / whatever you want to call it. But it seems like there should be no such issue in the piecewise differentiable setting, where the deformation is free to introduce cusps.)

1

There are 1 best solutions below

0
On BEST ANSWER

Yes, if $H:I\times I\to U$ is a homotopy from $\gamma_0$ to $\gamma_1$, we can approximate it by a homotopy $\tilde H:I\times I\to U$ such that $t\mapsto\tilde H(s, t)$ is a differentiable curve, for all $s\in I$. For instance, you can do this by using the Weierstrass approximation theorem. Now, if $\epsilon>0$ is such that the $\epsilon$-neighborhood of the image $H(I\times I)$ is contained in $U$, and $\sup_{(s,t)}\|\tilde H(s,t)-H(s,t)\|<\epsilon$, then the initial and terminal curves $\tilde H(0,t)$ and $\tilde H(1,t)$ are within $\epsilon$ of the original curves $\gamma_0$ and $\gamma_1$, so you can just perform a linear homotopy to get from $\gamma_0(t)$ to $\tilde H(0,t)$ and then from $\tilde H(1,t)$ to $\gamma_1(t)$. Gluing these homotopies together gives you a homotopy from $\gamma_0(t)$ to $\tilde H(0,t)$ to $\tilde H(1,t)$ to $\gamma_1(t)$.

So, this is actually stronger in the fact that you can have a homotopy such that every intermediate curve is differentiable everywhere except that the curves at it's beginning and end are only piecewise differentiable.