Proposition. Let $G$ be an abelian (probably not Hausdorff) topological group, let $A$ be a subset of $G$, and let $\mathfrak{U} = \{U\subseteq G \mbox{ : neighbourhood of }0\}$. Then, the closure $\overline{A}$ is written as $$ \overline{A} = \bigcap_{U\in\mathfrak{U}}(A + U) = \bigcap_{U\in\mathfrak{U}}\overline{A + U}. $$ Question. I want to prove $\bigcap\overline{A + U}\subseteq \bigcap(A + U)$. Let $x\in \bigcap\overline{A + U}$, and let $U\in\mathfrak{U}$. There exists a $U'\in \mathfrak{U}$ such that $U' + U' \subseteq U$. A PDF I'm reading says that $\overline{A + U'}\subseteq A + U' + U'$, why?
2026-04-04 04:39:21.1775277561
Proof of $\overline{A} = \bigcap_{U\in\mathfrak{U}}(A + U) = \bigcap_{U\in\mathfrak{U}}\overline{A + U}$
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Let $x\in \overline{A + U'}$, then $x - U'$ is a neighbourhood of $x$. Therefore $(x - U')\cap (A + U')\neq\varnothing$, and there exists $u$, $v\in U'$, and $a\in A$ such that $x - u = a + v$. Hence $x = a + u + v\in A + U' + U'$.