I have an operator $A \in \mathcal B(H)$ where $H$ in a Hilbert space, $||A||<1$. I have to show that:
- $A^n$ converges to the null operator
- $S_n=\sum_{k=0}^n A^k$ converges
- $S_n \to (1-A)^{-1}, n \to\infty$
I don't know how to approach the first request. I've tried, without certainty: $$||A^n||=\sup_x \frac{||A^nx||}{||x||}=\sup_{||x||=1} {||A^nx||} \le \sup_x|||A||^n| \to 0$$
I can answer to questions 2. and 3. with the proof of the following theorem:
If $X$ is a Banach space, $A \in \mathcal B(X)$, $|A|<1$, then $(1-A)^{-1}$ exists in $\mathcal B(X)$ and it's given by the Neumann series: $$(1-A)^{-1}=\sum_{k=0}^\infty A^k$$
$\|A(Ax)\|\leq\|A\|\|Ax\|\leq\|A\|\|A\|\|x\|=\|A\|^{2}\|x\|$, so $\|A^{2}\|\leq\|A\|^{2}$, and the rest $n$ is just by induction.