I couldn't answer this question. This only one. It looks simple, but I got stuck. Here is the image of the question. The number $12$. Sorry for my english.
Prove that if the $\mathrm{ord}(p)a=3$, then $\mathrm{ord}(p)(a+1)=6$
Example: $3^3=1(\mathrm{mod}\;13)$ then $4^6=1(\mathrm{mod\;}13)$.
Prove that if the $\mathrm{ord}(p)a=3$, then $\mathrm{ord}(p)(a+1)=6$
Hint: We have $a^3 - 1=(a-1)(a^2+a+1)$.