Prove that the analytic mean value of an arithmetic function equals the logarithmic mean value

80 Views Asked by At

Let f be an arithmetic function and let $F(s)$ be its Dirichlet series $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}f(n)n^{-s}$. We say f has an analytic mean value A if

$F(s)=\frac{A}{s-1}+o(\frac{1}{s-1})$

as $s\rightarrow 1^+$. My question is, how would we show that the existence of the logarithmic mean value for f implies the existence of the analytic mean value, i.e. if the following limit exists:

$\lim{x\to\infty}\frac{1}{logx}\sum_{n\leq x}\frac{f(n)}{n}$

then the analytic mean value exists, and the two values are equal? So far I have tried using summation by parts to get the following:

$\sum_{n\leq x}f(n)n^{-s}=x^{1-s}\sum_{n\leq x}\frac{f(n)}{n}+\int_{1}^{x}\frac{(s-1)\sum_{n\leq t}\frac{f(n)}{n}}{t^{s-2}}dt$

This appears to get us part of the way there, since there is an $f(n)/n$ sum on the right hand side which looks similar to the logarithmic mean value (minus the log), but I'm not sure where to go from there. Any help is appreciated!

1

There are 1 best solutions below

0
On BEST ANSWER

For convenience, let

$$ B(x)=\sum_{n\le x}{f(n)\over n}=A\log x+o(\log x). $$

Then for every $u>0$ there is

$$ F_T(1+u)=\sum_{n\le T}{f(n)\over n^{1+u}}=\int_{1^-}^T{\mathrm dB(t)\over t^u}={B(T)\over T^u}+u\int_1^T{B(t)\over t^{u+2}}\mathrm du. $$

Since $B(T)=O(T)=o(T^u)$, we see that for all $u>0$, as $T\to+\infty$ there is

$$ F(1+u)=u\int_1^\infty{B(t)\over t^{u+1}}\mathrm dt=Au\underbrace{\int_1^\infty{\log t\over t^{u+1}}\mathrm dt}_{I_1}+u\underbrace{\int_1^\infty{B(t)-A\log t\over t^{u+1}}\mathrm dt}_{I_2} $$

For $I_1$, substitution gives

$$ I_1=\int_0^\infty ye^{-uy}\mathrm dy={1\over u^2}. $$

For $I_2$, by the conditions for $B(x)$ we know that

$$ \forall\varepsilon>0,\exists X>0,(t>X\Rightarrow|B(t)-A\log t|<\frac12\varepsilon\log t) $$

and

$$ \exists M>0,(1\le t\le X\Rightarrow|B(t)-A\log t|\le M\log t), $$

so we see that $I_2$ is bounded by

\begin{aligned} |I_2| &<Mu\int_1^X{\log t\over t^{u+1}}\mathrm du+\frac12\varepsilon u\int_X^\infty{\log t\over t^{u+1}}\mathrm du \\ &\le Mu\int_1^X{\log t\over t}\mathrm dt+\frac12\varepsilon u\int_1^\infty{\log t\over t^{u+1}} \\ &=\frac12 Mu(\log X)^2+{\varepsilon\over2u}. \end{aligned}

Now, let $0<u<\varepsilon/(M(\log X)^2)$, so we have $|I_2|<\varepsilon/u$. Combining all these results, we see that

$$ F(s)=\sum_{n\ge1}{f(n)\over n^s}={A\over s-1}+o\left(1\over|s-1|\right). $$