I am trying to prove the existence of $t_{0}$ such that $$\int_{0}^{t}\frac{\sin{x}}{\sqrt{x}}dx+\sin{t}>0 $$ for all $t\geq t_{0}$.
Numerical experiments shows this (see the figure).

The first thing that may come to mind is to show the existence of $t_{0}$ such that $$\int_{0}^{t}\frac{\sin{x}}{\sqrt{x}}dx>1 $$ when $t\geq t_{0}$
The full (improper Riemann) integral on the half line is well known, see Proof of $\int_0^\infty \frac{\sin x}{\sqrt{x}}dx=\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{2}}$ . (A very related term to google : Fresnel integral.) The definition of having a finite limit as $t\to\infty$ immediately gives the existence of some $t_0>0$ such that if $t>t_0$,
$$\left| \int_0^t \frac{\sin x}{\sqrt x}\ dx - \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{2}} \right| < 0.1. $$
As $\sqrt{\pi/2} > 1.2$, $\int_0^t \frac{\sin x}{\sqrt x}\ dx > 1.1 > 1$ for $t>t_0$, as required.