Let $V$ be a finite-dimensional vector space and $W\subset V$ a subspace. Show that each member of $W^{*}$ (the dual space) is a restriction of an element of $V^{*}$ in $W$
I tried to extend a linear functional defined on $W$ to a linear functional on $V$, but I failed because I couldn't get a LINEAR one. Is there another way that could be fertile?
Let $\varphi \in W^*$. Let $\{w_1,..,w_k\}$ be a basis of $W$. Extend this basis to a basis of $V$, $\{w_1,..,w_k,v_1,..,v_n \}$. Remember we can always uniquely define a linear map by giving the images of the basis elements (if you don't know this, check it!), so define $\psi : V \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ by $\psi(w_i)=\varphi(w_i)$ and $\psi(v_i)=0$. Then $\varphi=\psi |_W$.
EDIT: So the statement I'd like you to check if you don't know it already is the following: Let $\{e_1,..,e_s \}$ be a basis for some vector space $U_1$, and let $a_1,..,a_s$ be elements in some other vector space $U_2$. Then there exists a unique linear map $T:U_1 \rightarrow U_2$ such that $T(e_i)=a_i$ for all $i$. In fancy terms, this is (a case of) the universal property for free modules.