Show that $\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi} |f(re^{it})|^2\,dt=\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty |a_n|^2 r^{2n}$

Question

Suppose $f(z)=\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty a_nz^n$ on $D_R(0)$, $R>0$ (i.e. series converges on this disk), and $0\leq r<R$. Show that $$\dfrac{1}{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi} |f(re^{it})|^2\,dt=\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty |a_n|^2 r^{2n}$$

Proof: \begin{equation*} \begin{aligned} \dfrac{1}{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi} |f(re^{it})|^2\,dt & = \dfrac{1}{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi} \left|\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty a_n(re^{it})^n\right|^2\,dt \\ & = \dfrac{1}{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi} \left|\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty a_nr^ne^{itn}\right|^2\,dt \\ & = \dfrac{1}{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi} \sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty |a_n|^2\cdot |r^n|^2 \cdot |e^{itn}|^2\,dt \\ & = \dfrac{1}{2\pi}\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty |a_n|^2\cdot r^{2n} \int_0^{2\pi} \,dt \\ & = \dfrac{1}{2\pi}\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty |a_n|^2\cdot r^{2n} \cdot 2\pi \\ & = \sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty |a_n|^2 r^{2n} \\ \end{aligned} \end{equation*}

I know that I jumped the gun from lines 2 and 3. Is there a way to justified what I did or is there any addition steps I need to take?

Answer 1

\begin{align*} \int_{0}^{2\pi}\left|\sum_{n=0}a_{n}r^{n}e^{itn}\right|^{2}dt&=\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sum_{n=0}a_{n}r^{n}e^{itn}\sum_{m=0}\overline{a_{m}}r^{m}e^{-itm}dt\\ &=\sum_{n,m=0}a_{n}\overline{a_{m}}r^{n+m}\int_{0}^{2\pi}e^{it(n-m)}dt\\ &=2\pi\sum_{n,m=0}a_{n}\overline{a_{m}}r^{n+m}\delta_{n,m}\\ &=2\pi\sum_{n=0}a_{n}\overline{a_{n}}r^{2n}\\ &=2\pi\sum_{n=0}|a_{n}|^{2}r^{2n}. \end{align*}