Singularity and behaviour at infinity for complex function

277 Views Asked by At

I'm suppose to check the singularities and behaviour at infinity. However, I've never seen that and couln't find something about it online. So i have a function $ f(z) = \frac{1}{\exp{(z)} -1)}-\frac{1}{z}$

My attempt: expand in the variable: $u = \frac{1}{z}$.

So we have:

$f(u) = \frac{1}{\exp(\frac{1}{u})-1}-u$

Now I think I am supposed to do an Laurent expansion around $u=0$? But I am not sure.

Would love your input!

1

There are 1 best solutions below

2
On BEST ANSWER

The easiest way goes as follows:

First rewrite the function $f(z)=\frac{1}{\exp(z)-1}-\frac{1}{z}$ as a Laurent series.

Notice that the $\frac{1}{z}$ part is already in the form of a Laurent series so we just need to rewrite the $\frac{1}{\exp(z)-1}$ part. This is done by solving the equation: $\frac{1}{\exp(z)-1}=g(x)$ iff $g(x)\cdot(\exp(z)-1)=g(x)\cdot(1+z+\frac{z^2}{2}+O(z)-1)=1$. This part takes practice and you need to try it out for yourself but basically you write $g(x)$ term by term so that the terms cancel with the terms from the other factor. The first two terms in each should equal one and all others should equal $0$ since you have no $z$'s on the right hand side.

You should get: $(\frac{1}{z}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{z}{4}+O(z^2))(z+\frac{z^2}{2!}+\frac{z^3}{3!}+O(z^4))=1$. Now you put this back into the function $f$ and you get: $f(z)=\frac{1}{z}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{z}{4}+O(z^2)-\frac{1}{z}=-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{z}{4}+O(z^2)$. Now you see that you have no $z^k$ terms for some $k<0$. This tells you that you have a removable singularity. That is not always the case. The Laurent series form should tell you what type of singularity you are dealing with. It will not always be a removable singularity as you have found here and calculating the Laurent series will not always be the best way to tackle the problem. I hope this helps!