Suppose $g(x)\in C^k(\mathbb R^N)$ with $D^\alpha g$ uniformly bounded on $\mathbb R^N$ for each $|\alpha|\le k$. Show that
$$u(x,t) : =\frac{1}{(4\pi t)^{n/2}}\int_{\mathbb R^N}e^{\frac{-1}{4t}|x-y|^2}g(y)~dy$$
satisfies $u\in C^k(\mathbb R^N*[0,\infty))$.
I am able to show that $u\in C^k(\mathbb R^N*(0,\infty))$ but I am not getting any idea for $t=0$.
Any type of help will be appreciated. Thanks in advance.
Here is a proof from Evans: To show $u$ is continuous $t=0$, first note that $$\int \Phi(x,t)dx = 1, \text{ where } \Phi(x,t) := \frac{1}{(4\pi t)^{n/2}}e^{\frac{-|x|^2}{4t}}$$ and $$u(x,t) = \int \Phi(x-y,t)g(y)dy$$ Since $g$ is continuous, fix $x_0\in \mathbb{R}^n$, let $\epsilon>0$ and let $\delta>0$ such that $$|g(y) - g(x_0)| < \epsilon \implies |y-x_0| \leq \delta$$ and consider $$|u(x,t) - g(x_0)| \leq \int_{B(x_0,\delta)}\Phi(x-y,t)|g(y) - g(x_0)|dy $$ $$+ \int_{\mathbb{R}^n-B(x_0,\delta)}\Phi(x-y,t)|g(y) - g(x_0)|dy$$ The first term is bounded by $\epsilon$. Then if $|x - x_0| \leq \delta/2$, and any $y\in \mathbb{R}^n-B(x_0,\delta)$, we have $$|y - x_0| = |y - x + x - x_0|\leq |y-x| + \frac{1}{2}|y - x_0|$$ In particular $|y -x_0| \leq 2|x-y|$. So that the second term is bounded by $$2 ||g||_{L^\infty} \int_{\mathbb{R}^n-B(x_0,\delta)}\Phi(x-y,t)dy \leq \frac{C}{t^{n/2}}\int_{\mathbb{R}^n-B(x_0,\delta)}e^{-\frac{|y - x_0|^2}{16t}}dy $$ $$= C\int_{\mathbb{R}^n - B(0,\delta/\sqrt{t})}e^{-\frac{|z|^2}{16}}dz \rightarrow 0 \text{ as } t\rightarrow 0^+$$ Where we have made the variable change $z = \frac{y -x_0}{\sqrt{t}}$. So that for $t$ small enough and $|x-x_0|\leq \delta/2$ we have $|u(x,t) - g(x_0)|\leq 2\epsilon$. It follows that $\lim_{(x,t)\rightarrow (x_0,0^+)}u(x,t) = g(x_0)$. A similar result holds for derivatives of $u$ and taking the limit.