Functional: $$J[x]= \int_0^T \left( \frac{m}{2} \dot x^2 - \frac{k}{2}x^2 \right) dt$$ where $ \dot x = \frac {dx}{dt}$. The equation of Euler-Lagrange coincides with the Newton equation: $$m \ddot x = -kx, \\ m,k>0.$$ Determine the extremals that belong to the set: $$S=\{x \in C^1([0,T]): x(0)=x_0,x(T)=x_T\}$$ The extremals I obtained are of the form: $$x(t)=A\cos\left(\sqrt\frac{k}{m}t\right)+B\sin\left(\sqrt\frac{k}{m}t\right), A,B \in \mathbb{R}.\\$$ Using the conditions in the set: $$A=x_0. \\$$ If $T=\sqrt\frac{m}{k}n\pi, n\in \mathbb{N_0}=\{0,1,2,...\}$, then: $$x(t)=x_0\cos\left(\sqrt\frac{k}{m}t\right)+B\sin\left(\sqrt\frac{k}{m}t\right), B \in \mathbb{R}.\\$$ In this case, there are infinite extremals in $S.$ $$\\$$ Now I assume $T\neq \sqrt\frac{m}{k}n\pi, n\in \mathbb{N_0}=\{0,1,2,...\}$. The extremals are: $$x(t)=x_0\cos\left(\sqrt\frac{k}{m}t\right)+\left[x_T\csc\left(\sqrt\frac{k}{m}T\right)-x_0\cot\left(\sqrt\frac{k}{m}T\right)\right]\sin\left(\sqrt\frac{k}{m}t\right)\\$$ where $\csc(y)=\frac{1}{\sin(y)}$ and $\cot(y)=\frac{\cos(y)}{\sin(y)}.$ $$\\$$ I have a sugestion in this exercise: "Depending on $T$ and $x_T-x_0$ there are $0$ or $1$ or $\infty$ extremals." I don't understand how there is a case where there are no extremals. It must be related to $x_T-x_0$. The only thing I can think of is if the function is continuous on the interval or not, but I think it is, no matter what are the values of $x_0, x_T$.
2026-03-25 04:44:15.1774413855
$T$ and $x_T-x_0$? no extremals of $J[x]= \int_0^T \frac{m}{2} \dot x^2 - \frac{k}{2}x^2 dt$ in $S=\{x \in C^1([0,T]): x(0)=x_0,x(T)=x_T\}$
98 Views Asked by Bumbble Comm https://math.techqa.club/user/bumbble-comm/detail AtRelated Questions in CALCULUS-OF-VARIATIONS
- On sufficient condition for pre-compactness "in measure"(i.e. in Young measure space)
- Weak formulation of Robin boundary condition problem
- Why is the index of a harmonic map finite?
- Variational Formulation - inhomogeneous Neumann boundary
- Relationship between Training Neural Networks and Calculus of Variations
- How to prove a Minimal Surface minimizes Surface Tension
- Derive the Euler–Lagrange equation for a functional a single variable with higher derivatives.
- Does the covariant derivative commute with the variational derivative?
- Derivative of a functional w.r.t. a single point?
- calculus of variations with double integral textbook?
Related Questions in EULER-LAGRANGE-EQUATION
- Showing solution to this function by Euler-Lagrange
- Derive the Euler–Lagrange equation for a functional a single variable with higher derivatives.
- Functional with 4th grade characteristic equation
- derivative of double integral in calculus of variation
- When is the Euler-Lagrange equation trivially satisfied?
- Euler-Lagrange and total derivative of partial derivative for function of two variables
- Energy Functional from the Euler-Lagrange Equations
- Find differential equation using variation principle and lagrangian
- Euler-Lagrange equations without lower boundary conditions
- Finding First Variation
Trending Questions
- Induction on the number of equations
- How to convince a math teacher of this simple and obvious fact?
- Find $E[XY|Y+Z=1 ]$
- Refuting the Anti-Cantor Cranks
- What are imaginary numbers?
- Determine the adjoint of $\tilde Q(x)$ for $\tilde Q(x)u:=(Qu)(x)$ where $Q:U→L^2(Ω,ℝ^d$ is a Hilbert-Schmidt operator and $U$ is a Hilbert space
- Why does this innovative method of subtraction from a third grader always work?
- How do we know that the number $1$ is not equal to the number $-1$?
- What are the Implications of having VΩ as a model for a theory?
- Defining a Galois Field based on primitive element versus polynomial?
- Can't find the relationship between two columns of numbers. Please Help
- Is computer science a branch of mathematics?
- Is there a bijection of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with itself such that the forward map is connected but the inverse is not?
- Identification of a quadrilateral as a trapezoid, rectangle, or square
- Generator of inertia group in function field extension
Popular # Hahtags
second-order-logic
numerical-methods
puzzle
logic
probability
number-theory
winding-number
real-analysis
integration
calculus
complex-analysis
sequences-and-series
proof-writing
set-theory
functions
homotopy-theory
elementary-number-theory
ordinary-differential-equations
circles
derivatives
game-theory
definite-integrals
elementary-set-theory
limits
multivariable-calculus
geometry
algebraic-number-theory
proof-verification
partial-derivative
algebra-precalculus
Popular Questions
- What is the integral of 1/x?
- How many squares actually ARE in this picture? Is this a trick question with no right answer?
- Is a matrix multiplied with its transpose something special?
- What is the difference between independent and mutually exclusive events?
- Visually stunning math concepts which are easy to explain
- taylor series of $\ln(1+x)$?
- How to tell if a set of vectors spans a space?
- Calculus question taking derivative to find horizontal tangent line
- How to determine if a function is one-to-one?
- Determine if vectors are linearly independent
- What does it mean to have a determinant equal to zero?
- Is this Batman equation for real?
- How to find perpendicular vector to another vector?
- How to find mean and median from histogram
- How many sides does a circle have?