The Method used in the solution

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$$ \sum_{k=1}^∞ \frac{(x^k)} {(k^2)} $$ The question is, Check if it is divergent. Solution: Step1: $$ R_1 = \frac{1}{lim \frac{k^2}{(k+1)^2}} =1 $$ can someone explain step 1.Which method is used to solve it? Is it cauchy?