Is there any analytical result or algorithm on computing the thickness of a non-complete bipartite graph?
I really tried to find anything but didn't succeed.
2026-03-29 10:15:13.1774779313
Thickness of non-complete bipartite graph
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This problem is NP-hard for general graphs. Also, if you have an arbitrary graph $G$, if you subdivide each edge, you get a bipartite graph $H$ with the same thickness.
Proof. Any decomposition of $G$ into planar subgraphs corresponds to a decomposition of $H$ in which both halves of every subdivided edge are in the same planar subgraph. Call such a decomposition of $H$ "canonical". Every canonical decomposition of $H$ corresponds to a decomposition of $G$. Meanwhile, if you have a non-canonical decomposition of $H$, you can take any subdivided edge whose halves are in different planar subgraph, and move one half to join the other: this does not destroy planarity. We get a canonical decomposition with the same number of parts. So the only decompositions worth considering are canonical, and since those correspond to decompositions of $G$, the thickness of $H$ is the same as the the thickness of $G$.
Therefore the problem is NP-hard for bipartite graphs, too.