I have found the generating formula of $A_n$ = $A_{n-1}$+$2A_{n-2}$+$2A_{n-3}$+$2A_{n-4}$+$2A_{n-5}$ and I have found $B_n$=$A_{n-2}$+$2A_{n-3}$+$2A_{n-4}$+$2A_{n-5}$ (I think my formula for $B_n$ is probably wrong) I'm wondering if anyone can show me how to get to the formula $A_n$=$2A_{n-1}$+$A_{n-3}$ because I am quite lost. Any help would be appreciated
2026-04-02 00:08:49.1775088529
Tiling a $2 \times n$ rectangle by $2 \times 1$ rectangles and L-shapes : adapted generating functions
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Let $n\geq 2$. For any division of the $2\times n$ rectangle or the $n+(n+1)$ blocks, removing the leftmost pieces (either a vertical domino, and L shape, or two horizontal dominos) gives another shape whose number of divisions is known. More specifically, I got $$A_n=A_{n-1}+2B_{n-2}+A_{n-2},\\ B_n=B_{n-1}+A_{n-1}.$$ Here are the details:
For a $2\times n$ rectangle: if the leftmost piece is a vertical domino, then removing it gives a $2\times(n-1)$ rectangle; if the leftmost piece is an L shape then it can either be L or $\Gamma$, and removing it gives a $(n-2)+(n-1)$ shape; and if the leftmost pieces are two horizontal dominos, then removing them gives a $2\times (n-2)$ rectangle.
For a $n+(n+1)$ shape: if the leftmost piece is a domino (half of it is sticking out), then removing it gives a $n+(n-1)$ shape; if the leftmost piece is an L shape (but backwards), then removing it gives a $2\times (n-1)$ rectangle.
Using these two formulae and basic arithmetic on generating functions, we can obtain $A(t)=2tA(t)+t^3A(t)$, which gives us the desired relation. If you want, I can explicit these calculations as well.
Calculating $A(t)$
We will be using the fact that two sequences $(x_n)_n$ and $(y_n)_n$ are equal iff the formal generating series $\sum x_nt^n$ and $\sum y_nt^n$ are equal, and that $t\sum x_nt^n$ corresponds to the sequence $(x_{n-1})_n$, with $x_{-1}=0$.
First, $B(t)=tB(t)+tA(t)+B_0$ and $B_0=0$, so $B(t)=\frac{t}{1-t}A(t)$. Therefore $$\begin{aligned} A(t)&=tA(t)+t^2A(t)+2t^2B(t)+A_0\\ &=\left(t+t^2+2t^2\frac t{1-t}\right)A(t)+A_0\\ &=\frac{t+t^3}{1-t}A(t)+A_0, \end{aligned}$$ so $$(1-t)A(t)=(t+t^3)A(t)+(1-t)A_0,$$ so $$A(t)=2tA(t)+t^3A(t)+(1-t)A_0,$$ so for all $n\geq 3$, $A_n=2A_{n-1}+A_{n-3}$.