Todorcevic's proof on existence of Aronszajn Trees

155 Views Asked by At

I'm currently using Kanamori's book, The Higher Infinite, and am trying to understand the proof of Theorem 7.10 on page 79. However, I am unable to follow the construction of the $\beta^{\alpha}_i$.

Is this conceptually right: You start with $\beta$. Then you take all chains of length $\beta$, remove $\alpha$ many nodes from each and take the intersection of all the chains remaining. The length of this gives you $\beta^{\alpha}_1$?

If this is correct, what happens if $\beta$ is uncountable and $\alpha = 1$? It tells you to continue the construction until you end up with $\beta^{1}_n = 1$ and I don't understand how this would be possible. (For $\kappa_1$ infinite, $\kappa_1 - \kappa_2 = \kappa_3 \implies \kappa_1 = max(\kappa_2, \kappa_3)$?)

Thank you in advance for any help!

Edit: I can post the construction from the book here, but I don't know if I'm allowed.

1

There are 1 best solutions below

2
On BEST ANSWER

No, $\beta_0^\alpha=\beta$, so $\beta_1^\alpha$ is the ordinal $\min(C_\beta\setminus\alpha)$: it’s the smallest member of $C_\beta$ that is greater than or equal to $\alpha$. It exists because $C_\beta$ is cofinal in $\beta$, and it’s necessarily less than $\beta_0^\alpha=\beta$, since $C_\beta\subseteq\beta$.

If this is greater than $\alpha$, repeat the process with $\beta_1^\alpha$ replacing $\beta_0^\alpha$: $\beta_2^\alpha=\min(C_{\beta_1^\alpha}\setminus\alpha)$ is the smallest member of $C_{\beta_1^\alpha}$ greater than or equal to $\alpha$. Since $C_{\beta_1^\alpha}\subseteq\beta_1^\alpha$, we have $\beta_2^\alpha<\beta_1^\alpha$. Continue in this fashion as long as $\beta_k^\alpha>\alpha$. Since the $\beta_k^\alpha$ are strictly decreasing with $k$, there must be an $n\in\omega$ such that $\beta_n^\alpha=\alpha$; at that point stop (since $C_{\beta_nT\alpha}\setminus\alpha=\varnothing$) and set $\rho_\beta(\alpha)$ equal to the $n$-sequence of the traces on $\alpha$ of the sets $C_{\beta_k^\alpha}$ for $k<n$:

$$\rho_\beta(\alpha)=\langle C_{\beta_k^\alpha}\cap\alpha:k<n\rangle\;.$$