Here is the Proposition and the beginning of the proof:
$$ \begin{array}{l}{\text { Proposition 9.2 Let } X \text { be an open set in } \mathbb{R}^{m} \text { that is a product of open }} \\ {\text { intervals, let } f: X \rightarrow \mathbb{R} \text { be a real-valued function on } X, \text { and let } M \text { be a }} \\ {\text { positive constant. Suppose that }} \\ {\qquad\left|\frac{\partial f}{\partial x_{i}}\right| \leq M}\end{array} $$
$$ \begin{array}{l}{\text { throughout the open set } X \text { for } i=1,2, \ldots, m . \text { Then }} {|f(\mathbf{u})-f(\mathbf{v})| \leq \sqrt{m} M|\mathbf{u}-\mathbf{v}|} \\{\text { for all points } \mathbf{u} \text { and } \mathbf{v} \text { of } X}\end{array} $$
$$ \begin{array}{l}{\text { Proof Let } \mathbf{u}=\left(u_{1}, u_{2}, \ldots, u_{m}\right) \text { and } \mathbf{v}=\left(v_{1}, v_{2}, \ldots, v_{m}\right) . \text { The fact that } X \text { is }} \\ {\text { a product of open intervals guarantees that there exist real numbers } a_{i} \text { and } b_{i}} \\ {\text { for } i=1,2, \ldots, m \text { such that } a_{i}<u_{i}<b_{i} \text { and } a_{i}<v_{i}<b_{i} \text { for } i=1,2, \ldots, m} \\ {\text { For each integer } k \text { between } 0 \text { and } m_{k}, \text { let }} \\ {\qquad \mathbf{w}_{k}=\left(w_{k, 1}, w_{k, 2}, \ldots, w_{k, m}\right)}\end{array} $$
$$ \begin{array}{l}{\text { where }} \\ {\qquad w_{k, i}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{v_{j}} & {\text { if } i \leq k} \\ {u_{j}} & {\text { if } i>k}\end{array}\right.} \\ {\text { Then } a_{i}<w_{k, i}<b_{i} \text { for } k=0,1,2, \ldots, m \text { and } i=1,2, \ldots, m . \text { Moreover, }} \\ {\text { for each integer } k \text { between } 1 \text { and } m, \text { the points } \mathbf{w}_{k-1} \text { and and } \mathbf{w}_{k} \text { differ only }} \\ {\text { in the } k \text { coordinate, and the line segment joining these points is wholly }} \\ {\text { contained in the open set } X . \text { It follows that }}\end{array} $$
$$ \frac{d}{d t}\left(f\left((1-t) \mathbf{w}_{k-1}+t \mathbf{w}_{k}\right)\right)=\left.\left(v_{k}-u_{k}\right) \frac{\partial f}{\partial x_{k}}\right|_{(1-t) \mathbf{w}_{k-1}+t \mathbf{w}_{k}} $$
$(v_k-u_k)$ occurs as a consequence of the chain rule. But what does the $x_k$ and the bar notation of the following segment represent?
$$ \left.\frac{\partial f}{\partial x_{k}}\right|_{(1-t) \mathbf{w}_{k-1}+t \mathbf{w}_{k}} $$
It means you find the partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x_k$ (this is now a function of $\mathbf{x}$) and you plug in $\mathbf{x}=(1-t)\mathbf{w}_{k-1}+t\mathbf{w}_k$.