- From this theorem, can we conclude that if $f_n'$ is a sequence of integrable functions that converge uniformly to $f'$, then the sequence of their antiderivatives $f_n$ converges pointwise to the antiderivative $f$ of $f'$?
- If so, when is the convergence uniform as well as pointwise?
I have what I think is a correct proof for the proposition in (1), but in the interest of not distracting from (2) I'll omit it for now.
Your first proposition is not entirely precise (for me), so I'll write what I understand:
Indeed, in this case, each $f_n$ is given by $f_n(x)=\int_0^x g(t)dt$, so by the theorem you mentioned, there exists, for each $x\in[0,1]$, $f(x):=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\int_0^x g_n(t)dt=\int_0^xg(t)dt=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}f_n(x)$. Since $f$ is given by the integral of a continuous function, $f$ is derivable and $f'=g$.
Note that, for every $x\in [0,1]$, $$|f(x)-f_n(x)|=|\int_{0}^x g(x)-g_n(x)dx\leq\int_0^1|g(x)-g_n(x)|\leq\Vert{g-g_n}\Vert_\infty$$ Since the convergence of the $g_n$'s is uniform, so is the $f_n's$.