Show that $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\sin an}{n}=\frac{\pi-a}{2} \ , \ 0<a<2\pi$$
I was asked to use Mellin transform to prove this result. So I used a formula related to the general series as follows $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty f(nx)=\mathcal{M}^{-1}\{F(s)\zeta(s);x\}$$ where $F(s)=\mathcal{M}\{f(x);s\}$ and $\zeta(s)$ is Riemann zeta function. Now taking $f(n)=\displaystyle\frac{\sin an}{n}$ we have $\displaystyle\mathcal{M}\bigg(\frac{\sin ax}{x}\bigg)=-\frac{\Gamma(s-1)\cos \frac{s\pi}{2}}{a^{s-1}}$. Combining everything and using the formula that $$\pi^s\zeta(1-s)=2^{1-s}\Gamma(s)\zeta(s)\cos \frac{s\pi}{2}$$ we have $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\sin an}{n}=-\frac{a}{2}\mathcal{M}^{-1}\bigg\{\bigg(\frac{2\pi}{a}\bigg)^s\frac{\zeta(1-s)}{s-1};x=1\bigg\}$$ Now if we use calculus of residues to evaluate the expression at RHS, we see that we have singularity at $s=1$. Using $\zeta(0)=-\frac{1}{2}$ we can easily calculate the residue at $s=1$, which is $\displaystyle-\frac{\pi}{a}$. So I get the answer $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\sin an}{n}=-\frac{a}{2}.\bigg(-\frac{\pi}{a}\bigg)=\frac{\pi}{2}$$ which is wrong of course as there should be an extra term $-\displaystyle\frac{a}{2}$ on RHS. My doubt is I am missing a residue on the RHS while calculating the Mellin inverse, but I am unable to get that. I need a help in this regard. Any help is appreciated.
To use the Mellin summation formula, we must take care on the domain of validity to evaluate the inverse transform. The $\zeta(s)$ term is obtained for $\Re(s)>1$, while \begin{equation} \displaystyle\mathcal{M}\left(\frac{\sin ax}{x}\right)=-\frac{\Gamma(s-1)\cos \frac{s\pi}{2}}{a^{s-1}} \end{equation} is valid for $0<\Re(s)<2$. Then \begin{align} \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\sin an}{n}&=-\frac{a}{2}\mathcal{M}^{-1}\left\lbrace\left(\frac{2\pi}{a}\right)^s\frac{\zeta(1-s)}{s-1};x=1\right\rbrace\\ &=-\frac{a}{2}\frac{1}{2i\pi}\int_{c-i\infty}^{c+i\infty}\left(\frac{2\pi}{a}\right)^s\frac{\zeta(1-s)}{s-1}\,ds \end{align} where $1<\Re(c)<2$. Closing the the contour with the left large half-circle needs to take into account both poles at $s=1$ (residue $-\pi/a$, as already noted) and $s=0$ (residue $1$, as $\zeta(z)$ has a simple pole at $z=1$, with residue $1$). The latter gives the missing term.