Assume that
- $X$ is a vector field on a domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$,
- $F$ is its flow i.e. $\frac{\partial }{\partial t}F(t,x) = X_{F(t,x)}$, and
- $D$ is $n-1$ dimensional compact surface s.t. $X$ is normal to $D$.
Then there is $\epsilon>0$ s.t. $X$ is still normal to $F(t,D)$ for all $0<t<\epsilon$.
Proof : Define $f$ to be a value $t$ on $F(t,D)$. Hence ${\rm grad}\ f$ is normal to $F(t,D)$.
If $c(t)=F(t,x)$, then $$1=\frac{d}{dt}f\circ c(t)= {\rm grad}\ f \cdot X_{F(t,x)}$$
How can we finish the proof ?