Is it possible that
$$\left|\operatorname{li}(n)-\sum_{k=1}^{\lfloor\log(n)\rfloor}\dfrac{\pi(n^{1/k})}{k}-\log(2)-\dfrac{1}{2}\right|<\dfrac{2\sqrt{n}}{e\log(n)}?$$
Since
$$ \sum_{k=1}^{\lfloor\log(n)\rfloor}\dfrac{\pi(n^{1/k})}{k}\approx\operatorname{li}(n)-\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}2\ \Re\left(\operatorname{Ei}\left(\rho_k\log\left(n\right)\right)\right)-\log(2) $$ (where $\rho_k$ is $k$th zeta zero) shown as a partial sum below
and since $\pm\dfrac{2\sqrt{n}}{\Im(\rho_1)\log(n)}$ bounds $2\ \Re\left(\operatorname{Ei}\left(\rho_1\log\left(n\right)\right)\right)$
does it follow that $\pm\dfrac{2\sqrt{n}}{C\log(n)}$ will bound $\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}2\ \Re\left(\operatorname{Ei}\left(\rho_k\log\left(n\right)\right)\right)$ for some $C$ (assuming RH)?
$C=e$ seems particularly tight.
This is of course, almost identical to saying
$$|R(n)-\pi(n)|<\dfrac{2\sqrt{n}}{e\log(n)}$$ where $R$ is the Riemann prime counting function, but this is a little too tight since this doesn't hold for $n=113$.
Note
The log plot is particularly striking:
I will start by making it clear that this is not my answer.
Since this question generated a fair amount of interest and had not been answered, I thought it best to cross-post on MO & then link back for the benefit of those who starred it.
Here is the link to GH from MO's answer.