I'm examining voltage drop across 2 series resistors. As part of my results table I am asked to calculate $\frac{R_1}{R_1 + R_2} \times V_3$ and $\frac{R_2}{R_1 + R_2} \times V_3$. This all relates to Kirchhoff's Voltage Law.
Is this basically finding out the ratios of one to another?
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It is calculating the voltage drop across each resistor of a series pair. You connected $R_1$ and $R_2$ in series and placed the combination across $V_3$. But you should really understand what the circuit is before trying to apply a formula you don't understand. This should also go on electrical engineering instead of math.
Those are the formulas for finding the voltage drop across $R_1$ and $R_2$. The wiki page for Voltage Dividers should be of some help.