What is branching and iteration in an algorithm

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This is my first question here. I was looking over the curriculum of year 5 mathematics in my country and came across this "Content description". (from http://victoriancurriculum.vcaa.vic.edu.au/mathematics/curriculum/f-10?y=5&s=NA&s=MG&s=SP&layout=2)

Follow a mathematical algorithm involving branching and repetition (iteration) (VCMNA194)

Can someone explain what branching and repetition mean here? The repetition part I am fine with, but the branching part I cannot picture concretely.

If you could give an example of branching within an algorithm, it would be very helpful. I looked up mathematics dictionaries, but with no luck.

Thank you in advance.

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It looks like they are referring to this type of branches. And they give an example deeper in your link: "manipulating sets of numbers using a given rule, for example, if a number is even halve it; if a number is odd, subtract 1 then halve it" – orole yesterday

In a nutshell, "branching" is associated in computer science to "if then else" instructions... – Jean Marie yesterday