The general problem is, given
- a graph $G=(V,E)$ with vertices $V,$ and edges in $E$,
- a path connected subset $S$ of $V$ (the previously explored planets),
- a mapping $r:V\rightarrow (0, m)$ where $m\in\mathbb R$ ($r$ is the reward for exploring each planet), and
- an integer $n$, where $|V|>n>|S|$ ($n$ is the number of planets to be explored),
which path connected superset $T$ of $S$ of size $n$ maximizes $$\sum_{v\in T}r(v)\ \ ?$$
Mainly, I would like to know if a polynomial time algorithm exists to solve this problem.
Also, in the actual game $V\subset\mathbb R^2$ and there exists an positive integer $d$ such that $e\in E$ if and only if the Euclidean distance between the vertices of $e$ is less than $d$. Would that condition allow for a faster or simpler algorithm?
There is one more condition that is satisfied in the actual game, the incidence count for each vertex is less than 20. (i.e. $\max_{v\in V} |\{e| v\in e\}| < 20$). It's possible that adding that condition would allow for a polynomial time algorithm.