Besides a gross use of Comic Sans, what kind of graph is this? I've seen it used for population statistics before, but I don't know what it's called.
My first instinct was to just say "bullet chart" due to process of elimination. After researching what a bullet chart is, which includes thresholds and targets, I'm now leaning toward some kind of unorthodox pie chart since it's dealing solely of percentage makeup of the whole.
I'm still not convinced that this is simply called a "pie chart," but it's all I got.

This is a Partition Chart which is similar in data structure to a Pie Chart.
Here's how you make it in excel -> http://peltiertech.com/ineffective-chart-partition-chart/
The squares of each colour correspond to a certain value. Aggregate these squares together and you've got a pie chart! The total number of squares is also a constant, like with Pie charts total slices together always make 360 degrees.