Dedekind gave a construction and explanation of integers and rational in 1858. This was as ordered pairs of natural numbers. I'm not sure if this was the standard view of these objects after this point.
If there can be no conclusive "when", are there any textbooks that include general constructions or something like this?
When did integers start being viewed as a ring structure?
I've gotten side tracked a lot lately with math history, but I think this is what I am most concerned about. I find Dedekind's work to be interesting though.
Thank you.