Why is this integral from Giusti's monograph valid?

78 Views Asked by At

In the proof of Lemma 5.8 of Giusti's monograph "Minimal Surfaces and Functions of Bounded Variation", one considers a function $f \in C^1(B_R)$ and defines $f_t(x) = f(tx/|x|)$ at least if $x \in B_t$, the ball of radius $t$ centered at $0$. Giusti claims without proof that $$\int_{B_t} |(df_t)_x| ~dx = \frac{t}{n - 1} \int_{\partial B_t} |(df)_x|\sqrt{1 - \frac{\langle x, (df)_x\rangle^2}{|x|^2 |(df)_x|^2}} ~dS(x).$$ Here of course $S$ is the spherical measure and $n$ is the dimension of the ambient space. I think this is supposed to be "obvious" but I don't see it.

Here's something I've tried. By the chain rule, $$(df_t)_x = (df)_{tx/|x|} \circ (A_t)_x$$ where $A_t$ is the derivative of $x \mapsto tx/|x|$. At least if $n = 2$ (but probably in general), $A_t = tR$ where $R$ is the standard symplectic matrix $R = \begin{bmatrix}0 & -1\\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}$. In particular, $R$ is unitary, so $$|(df_t)_x| = t|(df)_{tx/|x|}|$$ and $|(df)_{tx/|x|}|$ does not depend on $t$. This suggests that we should integrate in polar coordinates $$\int_{B_t} |(df_t)_x| ~dx = t\int_0^t \int_{\partial B_s} |(df)_{tx/|x|}| ~dS(x) ~ds$$ and since the integrand of $dS(x)$ does not depend on $s$ it is tempting to apply the rescaling $\partial B_s \to \partial B_t$ and then use Fubini's theorem to dispose of the integral $ds$. This doesn't seem to help though because we need terms of the form $(df)_x$ to appear when we perform this rescaling, but the rescaling does not depend on $f$, so cannot create terms of the form $(df)_x$.

EDIT: I missed a square

1

There are 1 best solutions below

0
On BEST ANSWER

Just for posterity, here's what's going on. The integral on the right-hand side simplifies to $\int_{\partial B_t} |\partial_\Theta f|$ where $\partial_\Theta$ denotes the part of the derivative which is tangential to $\partial B_t$. In polar coordinates, the left-hand side is $$\int_{B_t} |df_t| = \int_0^t \int_{\partial B_s} |df_t| ~dS_s(\Theta) ~ds = \int_0^t \int_{\partial B_t} |df_t| \frac{dS_s(\Theta)}{dS_t(\Theta)} ~dS_t(\Theta) ~ds$$ and since $\partial_r f_t = 0$ we get on $\partial B_t$ that $|df_t| = |\partial_\Theta f|$. Also $dS_s(\Theta)/dS_t(\Theta) = (s/t)^{n - 1}$, and by Fubini we can break up the left-hand side as $$\int_{B_t} |df_t| = \left[\int_0^t (s/t)^{n - 1} ~ds\right]\left[\int_{\partial B_t} |\partial_\Theta f|\right]$$ as desired.