Why $\ker \, d = k^{-1} (\ker \,j)$?

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Here is the part of the book (user's guide to spectral sequences) I am reading:

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I have the following questions about this part:

1- Why we are sure that $k$ has an inverse (the user used $k^{-1}$)?

2- if $d = j \circ k$ why $\ker d = k^{-1}(\ker j)$?

3- Why $k (\ker d) = k'(\ker d/ \operatorname{im} d)$?

4- Why $ k'(\ker d/ \operatorname{im} d)$ is considered as the whole image of $k'$?

Could anyone help me answer those questions please?