For question 7, Suppose that there exist such a reversible quantum process such that $$\lvert\varphi^{\perp}\rangle=U\lvert\varphi\rangle$$ where $U$ is a unitary matrix. Then,$$ 0 = \langle\varphi\lvert\varphi^{\perp}\rangle=\langle\varphi\lvert U \lvert\varphi^{\perp}\rangle$$ However, I dont know how to arrive a contradiction after that
For question 8, note that the the outcomes of the two measurements are different and all of the bases are ONB. For example in basis {$\lvert0\rangle$,$\lvert1\rangle$}, if alice get the state 0 in the first measurement, then the chance for her to get the different state(state 1) in the next measurement on the same qubit is 0(as the basis is ONB). Therefore, she definitely preformed the two measurements on two different qubits.
Would really appreaciate if anyone could tell me some hints or my attempts are correct or not.
For exc 7:
Since $U$ is a unitary operator it has an eigenvector $|\phi>$ with eigenvalue $\alpha$ such that $|\alpha| =1$.
Now: $ 0 = |<\psi|\psi^\perp>| = |<\psi|U\psi>| = |<\psi|\alpha\psi>| =|<\psi|\psi>|\;|\alpha| = 1$, contradiction.
For exc 8, suppose it where two qubits and we measure in the base $|0>, |1>$. We get different outcomes for each of the two measurements everytime. This means that the state will be of the form $\alpha |01> +\beta |10>$. I think that if you transfer this to one of the other bases (I don't know which, but you can consult the wiki on Bell states) you get a state where they are perfectly correlated. I.e. you get the same value for both measurements, which is a contradiction.
So if it are not two qubits, then what is happening? I think that after the first measurement. The qubit is put through a quantum NOT gate. Which then gives the opposite result in a second measurment.