As the title indicate:
I am looking for a function that increases faster than $\ln(x)$ when $x$ is small and then slower than $\ln(x)$ when $x$ is big.
Here is the fig:

The red curve is the $\log(x)$, and the green curve is the function I am looking for.

What about $\sqrt{\log x\log{10}}$ ?
Actually, any function mapping $0$ to $0$ and $\log10$ to $\log10$ and such that $f(x)>x$ in between can be used to compose $f(\log x)$ like you want.
You can also use Hermite cubic interpolation, giving you all freedom to adjust the slopes.