A group action is regular if and only if free and transitive. I have questions on the non-empty part.

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Regular can of course be defined free and transitive. For this post, I choose the definition of regular to be second definition of regular given in Wikipedia.

Let $X$ be a set, possibly empty. Let $G$ be a group, possibly a singleton. Suppose there exists a right group action $\mu: M \times G \to M$.

Unless I misunderstand the meaning of "for every two" or "for each pair", I think the definitions are as follows:

$\mu$ is defined regular if for all $x,y \in M$, there exists a unique $g \in G$ such that $\mu(x,g)=y$

$\mu$ is defined free if for all $g \in G$, if there exists $x \in M$ such that $\mu(x,g)=x$, then we have that $g=1_G$

$\mu$ is defined transitive if $M$ is non-empty and for all $x,y \in M$, there exists a $g \in G$ such that $\mu(x,g)=y$

  1. In proving regular implies free and transitive, how do we prove $M$ is non-empty?

  2. In proving free and transitive implies regular, where do we use $M$ non-empty?

My guess for both: Every $g \in G$ satisfies the equation $\mu(x,g)=y$ if $x,y \in M = \emptyset$.


Related: Free group actions for singleton group or for empty set

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You are right. If $M=\emptyset$, the action is regular and free but by definition it can't be transitive. Just impose the condition that $M\neq\emptyset$ and everything will work.