Applications of Atiyah Singer Index Theorem

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I have heard that Atiyah-Singer Index theorem has a lot of applications to the study of four manifolds. For example there is an application here. But I could not understand the answer. So it seemed to me like a very distant consequence of Atiyah-Singer Index theorem. So my question is, are there some easy interesting consequences of the index theorem. It would be great if some one could point out a good reference for the applications. Thank you.