For example:
$\cos(\frac{\pi}{3}) = \frac{1}{2}$
$\cos(\frac{\pi}{4}) = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$
Is there any other constant $\theta$ such that $\cos(k\theta)$ is rational or a known irrational where $k$ is not $0$ or something trivial like $\frac{\pi}{\theta}$?
Here is a reasonable reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exact_trigonometric_constants
To quote: "According to Niven's theorem, the only rational values of the sine function for which the argument is a rational number of degrees are 0, 1/2, and 1."
Doing a search for "rational values of cosine" produced this result and many other useful references.