Personally, I like to play video games from time to time, especially arcade games (e.g. Tetris, pinball) or fast-paced games like Super Hexagon, which is known to be quite challenging.
However, for mathematics (that is not intended for kids) I have not found anything interesting so far.
What I am thinking about is a game where one has to do (increasingly difficult) calculus under a time constraints, with perhaps a 'health bar' that increase or decreases depending on how you are doing. Perhaps with music, nice visuals or other such things.
Does someone have a suggestion along these lines?
Also, I did find this related but otherwise very different question: Is there any gamified software for learning advanced mathematics?
If you're looking for something more complex , take a look at "Kerbal space program".
This game works on patched conics approximation
Some things in the game include *Flight planning - It is actually automatic but you can still try to mess around with your own calculations on fuel consumption *Ideas of orbit transfer - This is not automatic ,you can use different types of pre-planned orbital manouvers ( which you can set during the journey ) or just calculate them. *Using a mod called principia, which sets the game world into an n - body model ( see wiki "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-body_simulation") . N body model requires more complicated planning.
With all this , disable all the assistance by the game , and you are set into a really complicated physics game with complicated calculations.