Is there any known algorithm for calculating whether a large, squarefree $N$ has an odd or even number of prime factors? That is, whether $\mu(N)=1$ or $\mu(N)=-1$, where $\mu(N)$ is the Mobius Function (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Möbius_function#Proof_of_the_formula_for_∑d|n_μ(d))/, without having to factor $N$, as it is large.
2026-03-25 15:56:49.1774454209
Calculating Mobius Function for large numbers
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