By weil estimate I can only say, one bound is $\sqrt{p}$. Can it be strictly less than $\sqrt{p}$? I want to see whether one better bound be given or not.
2026-03-26 03:13:34.1774494814
Can a upper bound of $\sum_{b=1}^{p-1}\left(\frac{b^2-a^2}{p}\right)\left(\frac{b^2-1}{p}\right)$, $a\in{Z}$, be strictly less than $\sqrt{p}$?
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