Can proofs be written entirely without words and are there any non-trivial examples in the literature?
The title and abstract may contain words but the proof should not. I am not a mathematician but have an amateur interest.
Question
Is mathematical symbolism complete enough to write an entire proof of a non-trivial theorem without a single word? Has anyone ever published such a proof in a recognised journal?
If you wish me to be more specific, please assume that I'm asking about mature subjects such as calculus and number theory.
Yes, Bertrand Russell's Principia Mathematica has lots of proofs written in symbolic logic.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principia_Mathematica