The four-color theorem of Appel and Haken says that any map in the plane can be colored with at most four distinct colors so that two regions which share a common boundary segment have distinct colors.
Question. Is there a cell decomposition of the torus into 7 polygons such that each two polygons share at least one side in common?
Yes. On A torus, $7$ is the maximum. See here: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_color_theorem#Generalizations]