continuous assumption to evaluate sequence as a limit

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$\left\{ a_n\right\} $, does it converge?

$$\lim_{x \to \infty}a_n\ = \frac{f(n)}{g(n)} \Rightarrow \frac{0}{0} form $$

$$\lim_{x \to \infty}a_n\ = \frac{f'(n)}{g'(n)}, LHR$$

How can this assumption be made to a sequence that uses integers, without sometimes causing significant effects, for instance:

$\lim_{n \to \infty}sin(\pi n)DNE $, if n is continuous. However,

$\lim_{n \to \infty}sin(\pi n)= 0$, if n is confined to integers.

When can this assumption be made? How can one tell if the function is not as obvious as the above examples?