Differentiate with respect to $t$ both sides of the equation
$$
A(t) [A(t)]^{-1} = I,
$$
getting (via the product rule)
$$
A(t) \frac{d}{dt} [A(t)]^{-1} + \Bigl(\frac{d}{dt} A(t)\Bigr) [A(t)]^{-1} = 0.
$$
Now multiply both sides of the equation above by $[A(t)]^{-1}$ on the left, getting
$$
\frac{d}{dt} [A(t)]^{-1} = - [A(t)]^{-1}\Bigl(\frac{d}{dt} A(t)\Bigr) [A(t)]^{-1}.
$$
Differentiate with respect to $t$ both sides of the equation $$ A(t) [A(t)]^{-1} = I, $$ getting (via the product rule) $$ A(t) \frac{d}{dt} [A(t)]^{-1} + \Bigl(\frac{d}{dt} A(t)\Bigr) [A(t)]^{-1} = 0. $$ Now multiply both sides of the equation above by $[A(t)]^{-1}$ on the left, getting $$ \frac{d}{dt} [A(t)]^{-1} = - [A(t)]^{-1}\Bigl(\frac{d}{dt} A(t)\Bigr) [A(t)]^{-1}. $$