In this answer I proved that for $V$ a vector space over a field $F$ of finite dimension and $\langle ,\rangle _1$, $\langle ,\rangle _2$ two inner products defined on it such that
$$\langle v,w\rangle _1=0\iff \langle v ,w\rangle _2=0 \tag{H}.$$
Then $\langle v,w\rangle _1=c\langle v,w\rangle _2$ for some scalar $c$.
Is the result still holding for infinite dimensional vector spaces?
I believe the answer is yes.
Lemma:
Now, fix $w \in V$ and consider the linear functionals $v \mapsto \langle v, w\rangle_1$ and $v \mapsto \langle v, w\rangle_2$. Their kernels are equal so there exists a scalar $c(w)$ depending on $w$ such that $$\langle v, w\rangle_1 = c(w) \langle v, w\rangle_2, \forall v \in V$$
Now, using symmetry:
$$c(w) \langle v, w\rangle_2 = \langle v, w\rangle_1 = \overline{\langle w, v\rangle_1} = \overline{c(w) \langle w, v\rangle_2} = \overline{c(v)}\langle v, w\rangle_2$$
We conclude $c(w) = \overline{c(v)}$ for all $w,v$ such that $\langle v, w\rangle \ne 0$. Since we can vary $v$ and $w$ independently, we conclude that $c(w)$ is actually a constant scalar $c$.
Hence $\langle v, w\rangle_1 = c \langle v, w\rangle_2$ for all $v,w \in V$.