I have an exercise which consists on "meditating about the subgroups of $D_{n}$", so I considered the theory which I think I understood except one point. To study the subgroups of $D_{n}$ we shall consider $2$ cases given $H\le D_{n}$: $H\subseteq R$,$H\nsubseteq R$. The first is trivial as $R=\langle r\rangle,r=\frac{2\pi}{n}$ rotation, is cyclic and so is $H\subseteq R$; by Lagrange's theorem $|H|\;|n=|R|$ and $H$ is the only subgroup of $R$ with this property; $H=\langle r^{\frac{n}{d}}\rangle$ where $d|n$ and we have described $H\subseteq R$. The second is harder, but $[D_{n}:R]=2\rightarrow R\trianglelefteq D_{n}$ and so it makes sense to consider $D_{n}/R$ a group, we also know by that criterion $D_{n}/R\simeq \mathbb{Z}_{2}$. As we have a quotient group let's consider the canonical projection $\pi_{R}:D_{n}\rightarrow D_{n}/R:g\mapsto gR$; $H\nsubseteq R\rightarrow \exists h\in H|h\notin R\rightarrow \pi_{R}(h)\ne R\rightarrow \pi_{R}(h)\nsubseteq R$. But as we said $D_{n}/R\simeq \mathbb{Z}_{2}$ so $D_{n}/R$ has $2$ subgroups, the trivial ones: $D_{n}/R;\{R\}$. It follows $\pi_{R}(H)=D_{n}/R$. We continue by studying $ker(\pi_{R|H})=ker(\pi_{R})\cap H:=R\cap H$. Using the first homomorphism theorem for groups: $\frac{H}{H\cap R}\simeq \mathbb{Z}_{2}\rightarrow |H\cap R|=\frac{1}{2}|H|$. $\;H\cap R\subseteq R\rightarrow \exists k\in \mathbb{Z}|\;H\cap R=\langle r^{k}\rangle$. This step is clear as we simply used that $R\cap H$ is inside a cyclic subgroup; but now, the conclusion is: $\langle r^{k}\rangle$; $\langle sr^{h}\rangle[h\in \mathbb{Z}]$ are subsets of $H$. I'm wondering where $\langle sr^{h}\rangle$ came from. Is it simply because $\langle sr^{h}\rangle$ is "outside" $R$ and we asumed $H\nsubseteq R$? That seems intuitive, but why $\langle sr^{h}\rangle$ should be really a subset of $H$ is not clear to me.
2026-02-25 23:42:26.1772062946
Doubt on why in $D_{n}\;H\nsubseteq R=\langle r\rangle$ implies $\langle r^{k}\rangle;\langle sr^{h}\rangle$ subsets of $H$
10 Views Asked by user1170350 https://math.techqa.club/user/user1170350/detail AtRelated Questions in ABSTRACT-ALGEBRA
- Feel lost in the scheme of the reducibility of polynomials over $\Bbb Z$ or $\Bbb Q$
- Integral Domain and Degree of Polynomials in $R[X]$
- Fixed points of automorphisms of $\mathbb{Q}(\zeta)$
- Group with order $pq$ has subgroups of order $p$ and $q$
- A commutative ring is prime if and only if it is a domain.
- Conjugacy class formula
- Find gcd and invertible elements of a ring.
- Extending a linear action to monomials of higher degree
- polynomial remainder theorem proof, is it legit?
- $(2,1+\sqrt{-5}) \not \cong \mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{-5}]$ as $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{-5}]$-module
Related Questions in SOLUTION-VERIFICATION
- Linear transform of jointly distributed exponential random variables, how to identify domain?
- Exercise 7.19 from Papa Rudin: Gathering solutions
- Proof verification: $\forall n \in \mathbb{Z}, 4\nmid(n^2+2)$
- Proof verification: a function with finitely many points of discontinuity is Riemann integrable
- Do Monoid Homomorphisms preserve the identity?
- Cantor-Lebesgue's theorem
- If $a$ is an integer, prove that $\gcd(14a + 3, 21a + 4) = 1$.
- Number theory gcd
- $|G| > 1$ and not prime implies existence of a subgroup other than two trivial subgroups
- Prove/Disprove: Sum of im/ker of linear transformation contained in ker/im of each linear trasnfromation
Trending Questions
- Induction on the number of equations
- How to convince a math teacher of this simple and obvious fact?
- Find $E[XY|Y+Z=1 ]$
- Refuting the Anti-Cantor Cranks
- What are imaginary numbers?
- Determine the adjoint of $\tilde Q(x)$ for $\tilde Q(x)u:=(Qu)(x)$ where $Q:U→L^2(Ω,ℝ^d$ is a Hilbert-Schmidt operator and $U$ is a Hilbert space
- Why does this innovative method of subtraction from a third grader always work?
- How do we know that the number $1$ is not equal to the number $-1$?
- What are the Implications of having VΩ as a model for a theory?
- Defining a Galois Field based on primitive element versus polynomial?
- Can't find the relationship between two columns of numbers. Please Help
- Is computer science a branch of mathematics?
- Is there a bijection of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with itself such that the forward map is connected but the inverse is not?
- Identification of a quadrilateral as a trapezoid, rectangle, or square
- Generator of inertia group in function field extension
Popular # Hahtags
second-order-logic
numerical-methods
puzzle
logic
probability
number-theory
winding-number
real-analysis
integration
calculus
complex-analysis
sequences-and-series
proof-writing
set-theory
functions
homotopy-theory
elementary-number-theory
ordinary-differential-equations
circles
derivatives
game-theory
definite-integrals
elementary-set-theory
limits
multivariable-calculus
geometry
algebraic-number-theory
proof-verification
partial-derivative
algebra-precalculus
Popular Questions
- What is the integral of 1/x?
- How many squares actually ARE in this picture? Is this a trick question with no right answer?
- Is a matrix multiplied with its transpose something special?
- What is the difference between independent and mutually exclusive events?
- Visually stunning math concepts which are easy to explain
- taylor series of $\ln(1+x)$?
- How to tell if a set of vectors spans a space?
- Calculus question taking derivative to find horizontal tangent line
- How to determine if a function is one-to-one?
- Determine if vectors are linearly independent
- What does it mean to have a determinant equal to zero?
- Is this Batman equation for real?
- How to find perpendicular vector to another vector?
- How to find mean and median from histogram
- How many sides does a circle have?