Given the function $$ f(x) = (1+x^2)^{1/3} $$ I have to find the Taylor polynomial for f of order two centered at $x_0 = 0$.
I know that I can use the binomial series to find that
$$ T_2(x) = \sum_{n= 0}^1 \binom{1/3}{n}x^{2n} = 1 + \frac{1}{3} x^2 $$
Now I have to find a constant $C > 0 $ such that $$ |f(x) - T_2(x)| \leq C|x|^3 \ \text{for all} \ x \in [-1,1] $$ By definition I know that $$ f(x) = T_2(x) - (R_nf)(x) $$ and that $$ |(R_nf)(x)| \leq \frac{M_n}{(n+1)!}|x-x_0|^{n+1} $$ where $$ M_n \geq \max \{|f^{(n+1}(t)| \ : t \in [x_0,x] \} $$ which gives me $$ |f(x)-T_2(x)| = |(R_nf)(x)| = \frac{f^{(3)}(t)}{3!}|x|^3 \leq \max_{t \in [-1,1]} |f^{(3)}(t)\frac{|x|^3}{3!} $$ which means I have to find the third derivative of f(x) which I have found as $$ f'''(x) = -\frac{8x\left(-x^2+9\right)}{27\left(x^2+1\right)^{\frac{8}{3}}} $$ and then find an upper bound for $\max_{t \in [-1,1]} |f^{(3)}(t) \frac{|x|^3}{3!}$ but I am not sure how to? I just picked some randoms number in the interval and found that x around $0.5$ was close. But is there an exact way? I guess I could just draw it but this is an earlier exam question so I would not have my computer with me.
I am asked to do it this way so I am not allowed to use that this is an alternating series.
Can you help me?
Thanks in advance.
You need a upper bound on $|f^{(3)}(t)|=\frac{|8t(9-t^2)|}{|27(t^2+1)^{\frac{8}{3}}|}$ for $t\in [-1,1]$, so you find an upper bound for the numerator and a lower bound for the denominator :
$$ |f^{(3)}(t)|=\frac{|8t(9-t^2)|}{|27(t^2+1)^{\frac{8}{3}}|} \leq \frac{|8 \times 1 \times 9|}{|27\times 1^{\frac{8}{3}}|}= \frac{8}{3} $$