Is there such a differentiable function $f: R\rightarrow R$ that for
each real $x$ we have $f (x)> 0$ and $f' (x) = f (f (x))$;
Is there such a differentiable function $f: R\rightarrow R$ that for
each real $x$ we have $f (x)> 0$ and $f' (x) = f (f (x))$;
No such function does exist.
Assume the contrary. Since $f'(x)=f(f(x))>0$ for any $x\in\Bbb R$, we know that $f$ is increasing.
Mean Value Theorem implies that there exists some $c\in(-1,0)$ such that $$f(f(c))=f'(c)=f(0)-f(-1)<f(0)$$ Since $f$ is increasing, $f(c)<0$, a contradiction.